http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987111000429   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Xieyan Song  Yushan Wang  Liemeng Chen 《地学前缘(英文版)》2011,2(3):375-384

The three most crucial factors for the formation of large and super-large magmatic sulfide deposits are: (1) a large volume of mantle-derived mafic-ultramafic magmas that participated in the formation of the deposits; (2) fractional crystallization and crustal contamination, particularly the input of sulfur from crustal rocks, resulting in sulfide immiscibility and segregation; and (3) the timing of sulfide concentration in the intrusion. The super-large magmatic Ni-Cu sulfide deposits around the world have been found in small mafic-ultramafic intrusions, except for the Sudbury deposit. Studies in the past decade indicated that the intrusions hosting large and super-large magmatic sulfide deposits occur in magma conduits, such as those in China, including Jinchuan (Gansu), Yangliuping (Sichuan), Kalatongke (Xinjiang), and Hongqiling (Jilin). Magma conduits as open magma systems provide a perfect environment for extensive concentration of immiscible sulfide melts, which have been found to occur along deep regional faults. The origin of many mantle-derived magmas is closely associated with mantle plumes, intracontinental rifts, or post-collisional extension. Although it has been confirmed that sulfide immiscibility results from crustal contamination, grades of sulfide ores are also related to the nature of the parental magmas, the ratio between silicate magma and immiscible sulfide melt, the reaction between the sulfide melts and newly injected silicate magmas, and fractionation of the sulfide melt. The field relationships of the ore-bearing intrusion and the sulfide ore body are controlled by the geological features of the wall rocks. In this paper, we attempt to demonstrate the general characteristics, formation mechanism,tectonic settings, and indicators of magmatic sulfide deposits occurring in magmatic conduits which would provide guidelines for further exploration.  相似文献   

Numerical modeling of hyperpycnal flows in an idealized river mouth     

Yan Wang  Houjie Wang  Naishuang Bi  Zuosheng Yang 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2011

Numerical experiments in an idealized river mouth are conducted using a three-dimensional hydrodynamics model (EFDC model) to examine the impacts of suspended sediment concentration (SSC), settling velocity of sediment and tidal mixing on the formation and maintenance of estuarine hyperpycnal flows. The standard experiment presents an illustrative view of hyperpycnal flows that carry high-concentrated sediment and low-salinity water in the bottom layer (>1.0 m in thickness) along the subaqueous slope. The structure and intra-tidal variation of the simulated hyperpycnal flows are quite similar to those previously observed off the Huanghe (Yellow River) mouth. Results from the three control experiments show that SSC of river effluents is the most important parameter to the formation of hyperpycnal flows. High SSC will increase the bulk density of river effluents and thus offset the density difference between freshwater and seawater. Low SSC of river effluents will produce a surface river plume, as commonly observed in most large estuaries. Both the settling velocity of sediment particles and the tidal mixing play an important role in maintaining the hyperpycnal flows. Increasing settling velocity enhances the deposition of sediment from the hyperpycnal layer and thus accelerates the attenuation of hyperpycnal flows, whereas increasing tidal mixing destroys the stratification of water column and therefore makes the hyperpycnal flows less evident. Our results from numerical experiments are of importance to understand the initiation and maintenance of hyperpycnal flows in estuaries and provide a reference to the rapidly decaying hyperpycnal flows off the Huanghe river mouth due to climatic and anthropogenic forcing over the past several decades.  相似文献   

Chemosynthetic trophic support for the benthic community at an intertidal cold seep site at Mocha Island off central Chile     

Javier Sellanes  Germán Zapata-Hernández  Silvio Pantoja  Gerdhard L. Jessen 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2011

We analyzed C and N stable isotope ratios of benthic fauna and their potential food sources at an intertidal methane seep site and a control site without emanation at Mocha Island (central Chile). The objective was to trace the origin of the main food sources used by the local heterotrophic fauna, based on the hypothesis that chemosynthetic production could be partially fueling the local food web at the seep site. Food sources sampled at both sites included macroalgae, particulate organic matter and bacteria-like filaments found growing over the red algae Gelidium lingulatum within the areas of active methane release.  相似文献   

浙江雁荡山火山-侵入杂岩的岩浆混合作用——暗色包体中长石环带的证据   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

颜丽丽  贺振宇  刘磊  赵志丹 《地质通报》2015,34(203):466-473

浙江雁荡山是中国东南部燕山晚期巨型火山-侵入杂岩带的重要组成部分。对其中央侵入相石英正长斑岩的暗色微粒包体中的斑晶和基质斜长石进行了详细的内部结构和成分分析,揭示了斜长石复杂环带的成因和相关的岩浆作用过程。斑晶斜长石由熔蚀的核部和表面干净的幔部组成,边部包裹有钾长石膜。核部斜长石呈浑圆状或港湾状,内部发育筛状结构,An成分显著低于幔部斜长石,代表来自酸性岩浆房中早期结晶的斜长石捕掳晶。同时,幔部斜长石与自形、表面干净的基质斜长石具有类似的An含量,且两者均含有针状磷灰石的包裹体,应结晶自与暗色微粒包体相应的基性岩浆。长石的复杂结构记录了雁荡山火山-侵入杂岩形成过程中的岩浆混合作用和岩浆演化过程。岩浆混合之后的火山喷发活动,造成岩浆房的压力突然减小,温压条件达到钾长石结晶的区域,在石英正长斑岩的斑晶斜长石和暗色包体中的斑晶与基质斜长石外均形成钾长石膜,构成反环斑结构。  相似文献   

藏北羌塘戈木错渐新世碱性钾质火山岩中绿核辉石的成因:岩浆补给—混合过程     

范乐夫  迟效国  张蕊  孙巍  王利民  宁维坤 《世界地质》2015,34(2):273-282

藏北戈木错渐新世碱性钾质火山岩中单斜辉石斑晶普遍出现正环带、反环带和韵律环带结构,多具有"绿核辉石"的结构特征。通过矿物电子探针测得"绿核辉石"的核部有高Mg#和低Mg#两种不同成分,两者都不同程度发育有筛孔状熔蚀结构,环带结构主要发育在辉石的幔部到边部,与绿色核部存在明显的成分间断,幔部环带结构的成分变化范围相对较窄。"绿核辉石"的成分和结构特征反映了同源碱性钾质岩浆在壳内岩浆房中发生了岩浆补给-混合作用,复杂的环带结构记录了混合岩浆的结晶过程。  相似文献   

西藏甲玛铜多金属矿区成矿斑岩的岩浆混合作用:石英及长石斑晶新证据   总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3  

彭惠娟  汪雄武  Müller Axel  秦志鹏  侯林  周云 《矿床地质》2011,30(2):249-265

西藏甲玛矿区斑岩内石英和长石斑晶的阴极发光(CL)特征及元素含量变化有效记录了岩浆演化、混合及补给事件.石英斑晶的显微生长结构表明,原始岩浆经历过2次铁镁质岩浆混合作用.根据石英斑晶中Ti含量的变化可知,在2次溶蚀前后,石英结晶温度分别增高了约110℃和80℃.此外,斜长石斑晶的反环带及其Ba、Sr、Fe等元素的浓度梯...  相似文献   

赣南西华山钨矿床成矿流体演化特征   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

魏文凤  胡瑞忠  毕献武  苏文超  宋生琼  石少华 《矿物学报》2011,31(2):201-210

赣南西华山钨矿床是一个闻名中外的大型石英脉型钨矿床。为探讨成矿流体性质以及演化过程,本文对西华山石英脉型钨矿床主成矿阶段含矿石英脉中流体包裹体进行了岩相学、显微测温学研究和激光拉曼光谱分析。结果显示,西华山钨矿床的流体包裹体以H2O-NaCl型为主,局部发育H2O-NaCl-CO2型。流体热焓-盐度图解表明成矿流体以混合作用为主,局部沸腾在热液系统演化中作用不大。通过对沸腾包裹体的测温数据进行计算,得出西华山脉型钨矿成矿压力约为27～87 MPa,矿床形成深度约为1.0～3.3 km。  相似文献   

Petrogenetic modeling of rock variety in the Khalkhab–Neshveh pluton,NW of Saveh,Iran     

MEHDI REZAEI‐KAHKHAEI  DARIUSH ESMAEILY  FERNANDO CORFU 《Island Arc》2011,20(3):329-345

The Khalkhab–Neshveh (KN) pluton is a part of Urumieh–Dokhtar Magmatic Arc and was intruded into a covering of basalt and andesite of Eocene to early Miocene age. It is a medium to high‐K, metaluminous and I‐type pluton ranging in composition from quartz monzogabbro, through quartz monzodiorite, granodiorite, and granite. The KN rocks show subtle differentiation trends strongly controlled by clinopyroxene, plagioclase, hornblende, apatite, and titanite, where most major elements (except K₂O) are negatively correlated with SiO₂; and Al₂O₃, Na₂O, Sr, Eu, and Y define curvilinear trends. Considering three processes of magmatic differentiation including mixing and/or mingling between basaltic and dacitic magmas, gravitational fractional crystallization and in situ crystallization revealed that the latter is the most likely process for the evolution of KN magma. This is supported by the occurrence of all rock types at the same level, the lack of mafic enclaves in the granitoid rocks, the curvilinear trends of Na₂O, Sr, and Eu, and the constant ratios of (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i from quartz monzodiorite to granite (0.70475 and 0.70471, respectively). In situ crystallization took place via accumulation of plagioclase and clinopyroxene phenocrysts and concentration of these phases in the quartz monzogabbro and quartz monzodiorite at the margins of the intrusion at T ≥ 1050°C, and by filter pressing and fractionation of hornblende, plagioclase, and later biotite in the granitoids at T = ～880°C.  相似文献   

20世纪南极菲尔德斯半岛毛皮海豹食谱比例变化的同位素混合模型比较分析     

黄涛  张灿  蔡思盈 《海洋学报》2015,37(8):117-125

稳定同位素比值分析已成功用于示踪动物的食物来源研究,近年来已发展了多个同位素混合模型用于计算混合物中多来源物质的组成比例。本文以过去百年来南极菲尔德斯半岛南极毛皮海豹(Arctocephalus gazella)毛发的C、N同位素数据为基础,运用同位素混合模型中的欧几里得距离法、线性模型和贝叶斯模型进行计算、分析和比较,得到毛皮海豹食谱中南极磷虾(Euphausia superb)、南极电灯鱼(Electrona antarctica)和尼氏裸灯鱼(Gymnoscopelus nicholsi)所占比例随时间的变化趋势。各模型计算得出的结果可分为两组,分别是欧几里得距离法公式(1)和(2)的结果,表现为近百年来毛皮海豹食谱中Euphausia superb比例与其毛发稳定N同位素比值呈同步上升的趋势;第二组为欧几里得距离法公式(3)、线性模型和贝叶斯模型的结果,Euphausia superb比例与毛皮海豹毛稳定N同位素比值呈反相关关系。综合对比研究区域气候、海冰环境变化背景和已有的南极磷虾种群密度调查资料分析,第二组模型结果与实际情况较为相符,可用于讨论食物比例的时间变化趋势。近百年来,菲尔德斯半岛毛皮海豹食谱中Euphausia superb的比例显著下降,很可能是由于区域气候快速变暖和海冰的消退造成的。本文的计算结果指示西南极半岛气候变暖已显著影响到区域海洋食物链变化。  相似文献   

在大洋环流模型中对应于惯性内波破碎的垂直混合的一个参数化方案   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

范植松  尚真琦  张善武  胡瑞金  刘海龙 《海洋学报(英文版)》2015,34(1):11-22

Based on the theoretical spectral model of inertial internal wave breaking(fine structure) proposed previously, in which the effects of the horizontal Coriolis frequency component f-tilde on a potential isopycnal are taken into account, a parameterization scheme of vertical mixing in the stably stratified interior below the surface mixed layer in the ocean general circulation model(OGCM) is put forward preliminarily in this paper. Besides turbulence, the impact of sub-mesoscale oceanic processes(including inertial internal wave breaking product) on oceanic interior mixing is emphasized. We suggest that adding the inertial internal wave breaking mixing scheme(F-scheme for short) put forward in this paper to the turbulence mixing scheme of Canuto et al.( T-scheme for short) in the OGCM, except the region from 15°S to 15°N. The numerical results of F-scheme by using WOA09 data and an OGCM(LICOM, LASG/IAP climate system ocean model) over the global ocean are given. A notable improvement in the simulation of salinity and temperature over the global ocean is attained by using T-scheme adding F-scheme, especially in the mid- and high-latitude regions in the simulation of the intermediate water and deep water. We conjecture that the inertial internal wave breaking mixing and inertial forcing of wind might be one of important mechanisms maintaining the ventilation process. The modeling strength of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation(AMOC) by using T-scheme adding F-scheme may be more reasonable than that by using T-scheme alone, though the physical processes need to be further studied, and the overflow parameterization needs to be incorporated. A shortcoming in F-scheme is that in this paper the error of simulated salinity and temperature by using T-scheme adding F-scheme is larger than that by using T-scheme alone in the subsurface layer.  相似文献